PADK is an NGO dedicated to building capacity in regenerative agriculture techniques and soil science research. Their main initiative and focus, the Tropical Agriculture Research and Training Station (TARTS), is in the small village of Ngotto, in the East Region of Cameroon. The company’s objectives are to:
• Produce highly biodynamic and performant soil amendments.
• Restart the microbial activity of tropical soils, increasing nutrient availability, and alleviating the pressures of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• Increase local small-holder farmers’ knowledge of soil ecology and provide them with tangible resources to improve and regenerate their farmland.
A variety of logistical factors impeded their workflow while utilizing microscopy in their labs. Sampling was infrequent and irregular, tracking the F: B progression was difficult, and correlating with climate data and environmental parameters was near impossible.
In early 2022, Founder, Mr. Edmond Nader, came across the microBIOMETER®. Since then, they have accelerated their R&D efforts, and their results have benefited from more consistent monitoring. The benefits they have discovered while using microBIOMETER®:
• Process samples, measure the F:B ratio, and record the results using the mobile app’s Data Capture functionality, in about 20 minutes. The data capture has been a very welcome surprise as its simple to follow the evolution of substrates tested with the database and share results.
• Correlate data from other experiments and compare against our microscopy results.
• Accurately track the shift from bacterial dominance (i.e. thermal phase) to fungal dominance in their composting efforts.
“The microBIOMETER® has been an invaluable tool. It has helped our organization to better document results and follow the evolution of our efforts. We have found results to be accurate against most of our microscopy verifications and we trust the results. We are eager to share our experience with this tool with others and promote its use in sub-Saharan Africa, tropical climates, and elsewhere. There are few useful field tests available, especially useful in such rural areas as we work, the microBIOMETER® has been a very welcome addition to our laboratory and field studies.”
Different methods measure different fungal and bacterial populations. The chart below, adapted from Wang et al review of 192 different F:B ratios, illustrates how three different methods came up with three different F:B ratios for Forest, Farmland and Grassland. Note that microBIOMETER® correlates well with the gold standard, microscopy. By plate culture, forest F:B is about 1/3 that of farmland, whereas PLFA forest F:B is slightly higher, and microscopy and microBIOMETER® forest F:B are 10 times higher than farmland.
Often, we are asked about variance – different results when you test the same sample. Our answer is that nature produces most of this variance. To explain, when you measure out 0.5 cc of soil, you have on average about 0.6 grams of soil. If your microBIOMETER® results read 300ugMBC/gram of soil, that means you have 600ug of microbial biomass – we divide the number we get by ½ because the literature tells us that 50% of the dried MB is carbon. As dried bacteria is estimated to weigh 1pg, if this were all bacteria, it constitutes 600,000,000pg or 600 million bacteria.
Now imagine that I have 600 apartment buildings in NYC that each contain 1 million people, and I decide to check 10 apartments in 10 buildings at 4 p.m. to estimate the number of people actually in the building. Obviously, it would vary because people are not always in their apartment and different apartments have different numbers of inhabitants – the same is true for soil.
Soil contains microscopic aggregates of different sizes and the number and type of inhabitants in each varies on the physical and chemical composition of the space as well as the nutrient, pH and hydration level. Each sample you take is like looking at a number of different apartments in a number of apartment buildings.
For this reason, when conducting research, soil and medical researchers run duplicates or triplicates. Because of cost, soil labs generally do not run duplicates and they see 10- 25% variation. We are recommending running duplicates when using microBIOMETER® unless you are doing academic research. Generally, we see <10% variation for a given sample, and for a field that looks homogeneous. Pastures can have much higher variation because the nutrients level across the area varies tremendously.
